Small condolences to Toxin Town - Bhopal..
When i read the news about Meredith Alexander, who was one of 12 commissioners of the Commission for a Sustainable London 2012 watchdog, resigned from her post, citing concerns about Dow's relationship with the company responsible for the 1984 Bhopal gas disaster, i wondered how many of our politicians or bureaucrats took the same path to protest the failure in handling one of the world's worst human rights violations.
What exactly went wrong and who was accountable for this disaster and mishandling of the case...? I shall say all of us.. you may question me that most of us have not even born at that time.. OK then.. Lets take a look at pre and post events...
Before 1984... am talking about india before 28 years.. when india started putting little steps towards development.. when our govt started abiding policies to make rooms for foriegn players in industrial sectors, promising to create more jobs.. more growth and more sustainable economy.. Was it a wrong move...? No it wasn't... We needed foriegn funds into our economy and we did the same thing as any other developing nations in that time.. i mean at least in terms of policy making. But utterly failed to provide required infrastructure to match industrial growth aspirations and compromised in every way with companies like Dow Chemicals,the then UCC (Union Carbide Corporation). Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to industrial crises. However, industrial accidents such as Bhopal are not just an Indian or even a Third World problem but are industrial disasters waiting to happen , whether they are in the form of "mini-Bhopals", smaller industrial accidents that occur with disturbing frequency in chemical plants in both developed and developing countries, and "slow-motion Bhopals", unseen chronic poisoning from industrial pollution that causes irreversible pain, suffering, and death. These are the key issues we face in a world where toxins are used and developed without fully knowing the harm that can come from their use or abuse.
Developing countries, such as India, are particularly vulnerable as they lack the infrastructure (e.g. communication, training, education etc.) required to maintain technology but are nevertheless, eager to set up and maintain industrial plants. As a result, they compete globally to attract multinational companies for their investment and capital, and in this process, often tend to ignore the safety and health violations that many MNC's engage in. Developing countries confer upon MNC's a competitive advantage because they offer low-cost labor, access to markets, and lower operating costs. Once there, companies have little incentive to minimize environmental and human risks. Lax environmental and safety regulation, inadequate capital investment in safety equipment, and poor communications between companies and governments compound the problem.
Why India..? Why Bhopal..?
The Bhopal facility was part of India's Green Revolution aimed to increase the productivity of crops. Considered an essential factor in the effort to achieve self-sufficiency in agricultural production, pesticide production use increased dramatically during the late 1960's and early 1970's. The decision to manufacture the pesticides in India, as opposed to relying on imports was based on India's goal of preserving foreign exchange and its policy of industrialization. In 1969, Union Carbide (UCC-the parent company) set up a small plant (Union Carbide India Ltd.- UCIL) in Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, to formulate pesticides. Bhopal was chosen as the site for the Carbide plant because of it's central location in India, a railway system that spanned the country, a large lake which provided a reliable source of water, and sufficient electricity and labor to sustain a large scale industrial plant.
The Bhopal facility was part of India's Green Revolution aimed to increase the productivity of crops. Considered an essential factor in the effort to achieve self-sufficiency in agricultural production, pesticide production use increased dramatically during the late 1960's and early 1970's. The decision to manufacture the pesticides in India, as opposed to relying on imports was based on India's goal of preserving foreign exchange and its policy of industrialization. In 1969, Union Carbide (UCC-the parent company) set up a small plant (Union Carbide India Ltd.- UCIL) in Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, to formulate pesticides. Bhopal was chosen as the site for the Carbide plant because of it's central location in India, a railway system that spanned the country, a large lake which provided a reliable source of water, and sufficient electricity and labor to sustain a large scale industrial plant.
On December 2-3, 1984...
On the night of December 2-3, 1984, a dangerous chemical reaction occurred in the Union Carbide factory when a large amount of water got into the MIC storage tank # 610. The leak was first detected by workers about 11:30 p.m. when their eyes began to tear and burn. They informed their supervisor who failed to take action until it was too late. In that time, a large amount, about 40 tons of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC), poured out of the tank for nearly two hours and escaped into the air, spreading within eight kilometers downwind, over the city of nearly 900,000. Thousands of people were killed (estimates ranging as high as 4,000) in their sleep or as they fled in terror, and hundreds of thousands remain injured or affected (estimates range as high as 400,000) to this day. The most seriously affected areas were the densely populated shanty towns immediately surrounding the plant -- Jayaprakash Nagar, Kazi Camp, Chola Kenchi, and the Railway Colony. The victims were almost entirely the poorest members of the population.
On the night of December 2-3, 1984, a dangerous chemical reaction occurred in the Union Carbide factory when a large amount of water got into the MIC storage tank # 610. The leak was first detected by workers about 11:30 p.m. when their eyes began to tear and burn. They informed their supervisor who failed to take action until it was too late. In that time, a large amount, about 40 tons of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC), poured out of the tank for nearly two hours and escaped into the air, spreading within eight kilometers downwind, over the city of nearly 900,000. Thousands of people were killed (estimates ranging as high as 4,000) in their sleep or as they fled in terror, and hundreds of thousands remain injured or affected (estimates range as high as 400,000) to this day. The most seriously affected areas were the densely populated shanty towns immediately surrounding the plant -- Jayaprakash Nagar, Kazi Camp, Chola Kenchi, and the Railway Colony. The victims were almost entirely the poorest members of the population.
This poisonous gas, caused death and left the survivors with lingering disability and diseases. Not much is known about the future medical damage of MIC, but according to an international medical commission, the victims suffer from serious health problems that are being misdiagnosed or ignored by local doctors.
Later 1984, December 3...
UCC Chairman and CEO Warren Anderson was arrested and released on bail by the Madhya Pradesh Police in Bhopal on December 7, 1984. The arrest, which took place at the airport, ensured Anderson would meet no harm by the Bhopal community. Anderson was taken to UCC's house after which he was released six hours later on $2,100 bail and flown out on a government plane. According to latest media reports, PC Alexander, the principal secretary to Rajiv Gandhi has hinted that former PM Rajiv Gandhi and then Madhya Pradesh CM Arjun Singh discussed several issues, including the release of Warren Anderson. A CNN-IBN report said that a declassified CIA document showed that Anderson was released on the orders of the Rajiv Gandhi government. Anderson left India on December 7, 1984.
Failure of Judiciary...
Its a best example of our toothless, slow and faulty judicial systems... It should be accountable for making this case a big mess.. The then respectable supreme court judges including former Supreme Court Chief Justice AH Ahmadi reduced the Bhopal gas tragedy into a truck accident. Question was not the efficiency of our judicial platform.. the real concern is where else victims can seek for justice..?
Since the tragedy, the victims have waged an "unrequited struggle for justice, but they have been ill-served by the Indian government, which failed to pursue the victims' case aggressively in the Indian courts, opting instead to go easy on Union Carbide and maintain a favorable investment climate". Union Carbide settled out of court for $470 million, thus avoiding any damaging legal precedent or liability. In return, India's Supreme Court ordered the dismissal of all civil and criminal charges against Carbide and its officers, and gave them immunity from future prosecution. The Supreme Court felt that in this case, the victims needed immediate relief, not further legal delay.
International Law at present plays almost no role in a Bhopal scenario. Substantive international law remains weak in the area of pollution, industrial hazards, and multinational business regulation. An international treaty is needed under which it would be agreed that, if courts in a signatory country award compensation after due process of law, then the award would automatically be enforced by courts in other signatory countries.
Since the tragedy, the victims have waged an "unrequited struggle for justice, but they have been ill-served by the Indian government, which failed to pursue the victims' case aggressively in the Indian courts, opting instead to go easy on Union Carbide and maintain a favorable investment climate". Union Carbide settled out of court for $470 million, thus avoiding any damaging legal precedent or liability. In return, India's Supreme Court ordered the dismissal of all civil and criminal charges against Carbide and its officers, and gave them immunity from future prosecution. The Supreme Court felt that in this case, the victims needed immediate relief, not further legal delay.
International Law at present plays almost no role in a Bhopal scenario. Substantive international law remains weak in the area of pollution, industrial hazards, and multinational business regulation. An international treaty is needed under which it would be agreed that, if courts in a signatory country award compensation after due process of law, then the award would automatically be enforced by courts in other signatory countries.
Failure of Media...
In the immediate aftermath of a large-magnitude incident, both nontechnical and technically trained reporters converge on the site, looking for quick "answers" to the question of what caused the event. Most reporters are responsible, restrained, and unbiased in their reporting. However, a fringe group usually appears on-site
that is more interested in developing causation theories, which seem to have great public appeal, regardless of their veracity. In the case of the disaster at Bhopal in 1984, the cause célèbre was the "missing slip-blind" during a water-washing operation. An assertion was made that failure to insert a slip-blind prior to water-washing of some filters ultimately led to water entering the MIC tank and starting a reaction. This assertion proved to be false later.
The difficulty with these incorrect causation theories is that, because the public and the media have a short attention span, the theories can become the conventionally accepted versions of what occurred. When a technical investigation discloses the actual cause much later, there may be less coverage, because the event is "old news" by then.
Failure of public...
I dont have to specifically mention anything here.. By this time we all would have understood our failures towards supporting the victims of the tragedy, in asserting elected governments to provide sufficient compensation for the individuals and families to cover their loses. We failed to extend financial help to the victims. We failed to learn from this incident and have let them happen again since then. We dint do anything more than passing silent condolences whenever we come across these publications or topics.. Am sure we will continue to do so..
The difficulty with these incorrect causation theories is that, because the public and the media have a short attention span, the theories can become the conventionally accepted versions of what occurred. When a technical investigation discloses the actual cause much later, there may be less coverage, because the event is "old news" by then.
Failure of public...
I dont have to specifically mention anything here.. By this time we all would have understood our failures towards supporting the victims of the tragedy, in asserting elected governments to provide sufficient compensation for the individuals and families to cover their loses. We failed to extend financial help to the victims. We failed to learn from this incident and have let them happen again since then. We dint do anything more than passing silent condolences whenever we come across these publications or topics.. Am sure we will continue to do so..
I wonder how many of you would reach till this point in the blog to get to know our failures...:) Offcourse unless you don't see any updates from your friends in FB...:)
On December 3, 2004, the twentieth anniversary of the disaster, a man claiming to be a Dow representative named Jude Finisterra was interviewed on BBC World News. He claimed that the company had agreed to clean up the site and compensate those harmed in the incident, by liquidating Union Carbide for $12 billion USD.
Immediately afterward, Dow's share price fell 4.2% in 23 minutes, for a loss of $2 billion in market value. Dow quickly issued a statement saying that they had no employee by that name—that he was an impostor, not affiliated with Dow, and that his claims were a hoax. The BBC broadcast a correction and an apology. "Jude Finisterra" was actually Andy Bichlbaum, a member of the activist prankster group The Yes Men. In 2002, The Yes Men issued a fake press release explaining why Dow refused to take responsibility for the disaster and started up a website, at "DowEthics.com", designed to look like the real Dow website, but with what they felt was a more accurate cast on the events.
I really hope to see more and more people like Andy and Meredith in our land as well... I hope we don't see another Bhopal anywhere in the world...
With Love,
RD